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Glossary

Key terms across recycling systems, materials, markets, and climate.

TermDefinition
Anaerobic digestionBreakdown of organics without oxygen, producing biogas and digestate.
MRFMaterials Recovery Facility — where commingled recyclables are sorted.
ContaminationNon-target materials/residue that lower value and recyclability.
EPRExtended Producer Responsibility: producers fund/manage end-of-life.
PCRPost-consumer resin: recycled plastic feedstock from consumer waste.
WishcyclingRecycling questionable items in hope they’re recyclable; increases costs/rejection.
BaleCompressed block of sorted recyclables sold by grade.
CulletCrushed glass feedstock for new glass.
Capture rateShare of available recyclables actually captured by the program.
Rejection rateShare of collected material rejected and landfilled.
End marketBuyer that uses recycled material as input.
Bale specBuyer’s quality requirements for a bale.
Cart taggingFeedback method: tags applied to carts with contamination issues.
Pay-as-you-throwWaste pricing charging based on trash quantity.
Landfill gasGas generated in landfills (methane and CO₂).
LeachateLiquid draining through landfill waste that can carry contaminants.
Mono-materialPackaging made primarily from a single material type.
DowncyclingRecycling into lower-value products.
UpcyclingTransforming waste into higher-value products.
Scope 3Value-chain emissions in corporate accounting.
ITADIT asset disposition: secure handling/refurb/recycling of electronics.
Mechanical recyclingPhysical sorting/washing/grinding/remelting to make new products.
Chemical recyclingProcesses breaking polymers into smaller molecules; results vary by technology.
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